Casting a skeptical eye on deeply-cherished myths, 1619 will be essential reading for anyone struggling to understand the paradox of American freedom.It’s reasonable to assume that 1619 is not a date that looms large in the historical consciousness of most Americans. We would like to think these are problems that can be solved by expanding representative democracy Jamestown teaches us, instead, that these are problems have long been created and encouraged by American democracy. This is a pattern we recognize all too well in modern American society-opportunities are not shared, inequality is rampant, racism is systemic. What was lost was his steadfast conviction that serving the common good served all.

But the twin pillars of democracy-the rule of law and representative government based on the consent of the people-survived and flourished.

Sandys’s dream of creating a commonwealth in the interests of settlers and Indians proved short-lived.

The establishment of the General Assembly did nothing to ameliorate these disparities, but rather put ever more power in the hands of local grandees. In a cruel irony, 1619 also saw the arrival of the first African slaves in Virginia. More than nine-tenths of all those arriving in Virginia at this time were brought in some form of servitude or labor contract. From that moment on, propertied white colonists became accustomed to freedoms that would have been unthinkable in England with its layers of customs and hierarchy of courts and regulations, and these expanding political and economic freedoms attracted countless British immigrants and other Europeans to Virginia and the American colonies.īut those very freedoms also permitted the wholesale and largely unchecked exploitation of poor white laborers and non-European peoples. Thus, in late July 1619, the newly-formed General Assembly gathered to introduce “just Laws for the happy guiding and governing of the people.” It was the first legislature in America, and history has cast it as the foundation of American freedom and democracy. Governor Edwin Sandys dreamed of creating a real commonwealth, to provide for the interests of settlers and Indians alike. Jamestown, the cradle of American democracy, also saw the birth of our nation’s greatest challenge: the corrosive legacy of slavery and racism that have deepened and entrenched stark inequalities in our society.Īfter running Jamestown under martial law from 1610-1616, the Virginia Company turned toward representative government in an effort to provide settlers with more control over their own affairs and more incentive to invest further in the colony. 1619 offers a new interpretation of the significance of Jamestown in the long trajectory of American history.

1619 james horn